What causes a plane to slow down?

How Aircraft Decelerate: The Role of Brakes

In the realm of aviation, decelerating an aircraft is a crucial aspect of ensuring safety and efficiency during landing. To achieve this, aircraft employ a braking system similar to that of automobiles.

Function of Brakes

Aircraft brakes, located on the wheels of the landing gear, function by applying friction against the wheels as they rotate. This friction generates a force that opposes the airplane’s forward momentum, causing it to slow down.

Mechanism

The braking system is typically hydraulically powered. When the pilot applies brake pressure, hydraulic fluid is directed to brake calipers located near the wheels. These calipers house brake pads that come into contact with the rotating wheels, creating friction and decelerating the aircraft.

Types of Brakes

There are two primary types of aircraft brakes:

• Disc Brakes: These brakes utilize a rotating disc on the wheel hub and a stationary caliper that clamps onto the disc. Friction between the disc and caliper generates braking force.
• Drum Brakes: Drum brakes consist of a rotating drum on the wheel hub and a stationary shoe that is pressed against the interior surface of the drum. Friction between the shoe and drum generates braking force.

Factors Affecting Deceleration

The effectiveness of aircraft brakes is influenced by several factors, including:

• Brake Size and Design: Larger and more advanced brakes provide greater braking force.
• Tire Conditions: Worn tires reduce friction and impede braking performance.
• Aircraft Weight: Heavier aircraft require more braking force to decelerate effectively.
• Runway Conditions: Wet or icy runways reduce friction and make braking more challenging.

Conclusion

Aircraft brakes play a vital role in decelerating and stopping an aircraft during landing. By applying friction against the wheels, brakes generate a force that opposes forward momentum, enabling a safe and controlled descent to the ground. Understanding the function and importance of aircraft brakes is essential for ensuring the safety of passengers and crew alike.