What are the things that stop trains called?

Factors Influencing Train Stopping Power

The ability of a train to stop effectively is crucial for safety and efficiency. The stopping power of a train is influenced by various factors, including:

Air Brake System

Compressed Air: Compressed air is the primary force behind a train’s braking system. A powerful air compressor mounted on the locomotive generates compressed air, which flows through a network of pipes to brake mechanisms distributed throughout the train.

Air Brake Lines: The compressed air is distributed through a series of air brake lines. These lines are typically made of copper or plastic and are designed to withstand high pressures.

Brake Mechanisms: Each wheel on the train has a brake mechanism that transforms the compressed air into braking force. These mechanisms use a piston or diaphragm to apply pressure against a brake shoe, which contacts the wheel tread to create friction.

Engineer’s Control

Brake Valve: The train engineer controls the air flow to the brake mechanisms through a brake valve located in the locomotive’s cab. By manipulating the brake valve, the engineer can initiate braking action, adjust the braking force, and release the brakes.

Signal System: In many modern rail networks, trains are also equipped with an onboard signal system that interacts with trackside signals. When the train approaches a stop signal, the signal system automatically activates the brakes, ensuring a timely and safe stop.

Train Characteristics

Train Length: The length of the train can impact its stopping distance. Longer trains require more compressed air to fully activate the brakes and may take a longer distance to come to a complete stop.

Train Weight: Heavier trains have greater momentum and require more braking force to stop. The number of cars in a train and the cargo weight factor into the overall train weight.

Wheel Condition: The condition of the train wheels can affect braking performance. Worn or damaged wheels can reduce friction and increase stopping distances.

Environmental Factors

Track Conditions: The condition of the track can influence the effectiveness of the brakes. Wet or icy tracks can reduce friction and make it more difficult for the brakes to grip the rails.

Weather Conditions: Extreme weather conditions, such as snow, fog, or rain, can also affect braking performance. Reduced visibility and slippery conditions can increase the risk of skidding or loss of control.

Maintenance and Inspection

Proper maintenance and inspection of the train’s braking system are essential to ensure optimal stopping power. Regular inspections and scheduled maintenance help identify and address any potential issues that could compromise braking performance.