What is the difference between an ETA and a visa?

ETA vs. Visa: Navigating Canada’s Entry Requirements

Planning a trip to Canada? Understanding the difference between an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) and a visa is crucial to ensuring a smooth entry. These two documents serve distinct purposes and apply to different categories of travelers. Confusing the two can lead to delays or even denied entry.

The Visa: For those who need it.

A visa, officially a Temporary Resident Visa (TRV) in Canada, is a formal document granting a foreign national permission to enter Canada. It’s required for citizens of countries that are not part of Canada’s visa-exempt program. Think of it as a formal invitation – a necessary prerequisite for even applying to enter the country. Obtaining a visa often involves a more extensive application process, including submitting supporting documents like proof of funds, travel itinerary, and a compelling reason for visiting. The visa itself specifies the permitted length of stay and the purpose of the visit (tourism, work, study, etc.).

The eTA: A streamlined entry for eligible travelers.

An eTA, or Electronic Travel Authorization, is a much simpler process available to citizens of visa-exempt countries. Instead of a physical document, it’s an electronic record linked to your passport. It doesn’t replace a visa; rather, it acts as an authorization to board an aircraft or enter Canada by sea. This means that eligible travelers can apply online, usually receiving approval within minutes. The eTA allows for multiple entries into Canada, typically for tourism purposes, for a period of up to five years or until the passport expires, whichever comes first. Critically, you still need a valid eTA even if your country is visa-exempt. Attempting to board a flight to Canada without one will result in being denied boarding.

Here’s a table summarizing the key differences:

In short: If your country requires a visa to enter Canada, you must obtain one. If your country is visa-exempt, you must obtain an eTA before boarding your flight or vessel. Check the official Government of Canada website to determine your nationality’s entry requirements before you travel to avoid any unexpected complications. Failing to have the correct documentation can significantly delay or prevent your entry into Canada.