Does each go with plural?

The Singular Strength of “Each”: Navigating Grammar’s Individuality

The word “each” presents a fascinating grammatical puzzle. It clearly refers to multiple items – the members of a group, the elements of a set – yet it stubbornly refuses to be treated as plural. This apparent contradiction often trips up writers, leading to awkward and grammatically incorrect sentences. Understanding the singular nature of “each” is key to mastering its correct usage.

The core principle is simple: “each” is inherently singular. Regardless of the size of the group it refers to, the verb and any subsequent pronouns must agree in number. Consider this:

• Incorrect: Each of the students are responsible for their own project.
• Correct: Each of the students is responsible for his or her project. (or their project, see below)

The reason lies in the inherent emphasis on individuality that “each” carries. While acknowledging the existence of a larger collection, “each” draws attention to the separate actions or characteristics of each individual member. It doesn’t speak of the group as a collective entity, but rather highlights the unique contribution or attribute of every single element within that group.

This singular focus extends beyond verbs. Pronouns referring back to “each” must also be singular. Using a plural pronoun like “they” or “them” creates a grammatical mismatch and undermines the precise meaning intended. The traditional solution, “his or her,” can feel cumbersome in modern writing. While technically correct, many style guides now permit the singular “they” as a gender-neutral alternative when referring back to “each,” acknowledging that rigidly sticking to “his or her” can disrupt the flow and clarity of writing.

Consider these examples:

• Correct (traditional): Each participant should submit his or her completed form.
• Correct (modern, increasingly accepted): Each participant should submit their completed form.

Choosing between these options depends on your audience and publication style. However, the crucial point remains: the verb following “each” must be singular. Never succumb to the temptation of grammatical agreement based solely on the plurality of the group “each” refers to.

In short, while “each” points to a multitude, its grammatical function is undeniably singular. Mastering this nuance ensures clarity and grammatical precision in your writing, accurately reflecting the individualized focus inherent in the word itself. By consistently using singular verbs and pronouns with “each,” you maintain the integrity of its meaning and avoid common grammatical pitfalls.